+ Text Only Site + Non-Flash Version + Contact Glenn Pascal's Principle and Hydraulics SUBJECT: Physics TOPIC: Hydraulics DESCRIPTION: A set of mathematics problems dealing with hydraulics. CONTRIBUTED BY: Carol Hodanbosi EDITED BY: Jonathan G. Fairman - August 1996 Hydraulic systems use a incompressible fluid, such as oil or water, to transmit forces from one location to another within the fluid. Most aircraft use hydraulics in the braking systems and landing gear. Pneumatic systems use compressible fluid, such as air, in their operation. Some aircraft utilize pneumatic systems for their brakes, landing gear and movement of flaps. Pascal's law states that when there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other point in the container. A container, as shown below, contains a fluid. There is an increase in pressure as the length of the column of liquid increases, due to the increased mass of the fluid above. For example, in the figure below, P3 would be the highest value of the three pressure readings, because it has the highest level of fluid above it. If the above container had an increase in overall pressure, that same added pressure would affect each of the gauges (and the liquid throughout) the same. For example P1, P2, P3 were originally 1, 3, 5 units of pressure, and 5 units of pressure were added to the system, the new readings would be 6, 8, and 10. 12.216
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