Fluid actuators produce work via the movement of their shafts caused by fluid exerting pressure on the actuator's boundary face. The potential work available at any point in the travel is the pressure of the fluid multiplied by the area of the boundary face, minus the counter force of the return spring, minus the frictional resistance of the actuator. Double drive actuators do not have spring return. The work potential is based on the pressures of the fluid applied to the two opposing boundary faces generating forces (F1) and (F2), as well as the frictional resistance of the actuator (F3). 13.246 ACTUATOR WITH SPRING RETURN ACTUATOR WITH NO SPRING RETURN FLUID PORT FLUID SEAL ACTUATOR HOUSING F1 F2 BOUNDARY FACE FLUID SEAL F3 SHAFT FORCE ONE (F1) = FLUID PRESSURE X THE BOUNDARY FACE AREA FORCE TWO (F2) = SPRING PRESSURE RETURNING TO REST POSITION FORCE THREE (F3) = FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF PISTON NET FORCE (F4) = F1 - F2 - F3 F4 FLUID PORT FLUID PORT F3 SHAFT F4 FLUID SEAL F3 F1 F2 BOUNDARY FACE BOUNDARY FACE FLUID SEAL F3 ACTUATOR HOUSING FORCE (F1) = FLUID PRESSURE X THE AREA OF THE BOUNDARY FACE FORCE (F2) = FLIUD PRESSURE X THE AREA OF THE BOUNDARY FACE FORCE (F3) = FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF THE ACTUATOR NET FORCE (F4) = F1 - F2 - F3
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