COMPARING THE FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE OF THE COMBUSTION ENGINE TO THE DIAMOND-SHAPED ACTUATOR 1) The fundamental science of the Combustion Engine is the force generated by the explosion when vaporized gasoline and a spark meet. The work potential of that explosion ending up as power to turn the vehicle’s wheels is just the application of known nuts and bolts solutions beyond the scientific fact. 2) The fundamental science of the Hydraulic Displacement Engine is the efficiency differential comparing a conventional piston to a Diamond-Shaped Actuator. The work potential differential generated by the efficiency differential ends up powering the Hydraulic Displacement Engine and also produces electricity or other work functions. This is just the application of known automatic control nuts and bolts solutions beyond the scientific fact. HYDRAULIC DISPLACEMENT ENGINE EFFICIENCY ADVANTAGE LOGIC Many scientists/engineers have tested the actual model confirming that the Diamond-Shaped Actuator (DSA) is ˃15% more efficient than a conventional piston and tested the model that proves that ˂5% efficiency differential is required for the DSA to produce its full fluid requirement by pumping the fluid from the conventional piston. This leaves the ˃10% efficiency differential available for other work in part of each forward stroke, which allowed the development of the Hydraulic Displacement Engine. APS developed advanced HVAC control logic reducing some buildings' energy consumption by ˃ 50%. In total, APS's three-man crew prevented over $100 million in fuel costs. ( ˃ 60,000 person-years of pollution ) Using similar automatic control concepts, APS designed a system that confirms that the basic science can be applied in a functioning machine to produce surplus energy. The control circuit was peer reviewed by a SIEMENS controls expert and he initialed and dated all of the design drawings with no challenges. Full details are presented on pages 13.305-13.310 of the APS Training Manual. Challenging established world views is very uncomfortable, but it is good science. This invention has the potential to assist with mitigating climate change as per last paragraph of Dr. Gorber’s review; therefore, should not be arbitrarily dismissed by others, with no technical explanations supporting their positions. (See page 13.277 of APS Training Manual) 15.329
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